In November of 2011, American Airlines filed for bankruptcy protection. One of the goals of management was to reduce the cost of running the company’s pension plan. Pilots, flight attendants, and baggage handlers who retired from the company had been promised a retirement income for the rest of their lives based on their average wages and how long they worked for the company. Now their retirement lifestyle is in jeopardy. Could the same thing happen to you?
To answer this question, we first need to understand the different kinds of pension plans. Historically, when an employer wanted to attract and retain the best talent as employees, they created a pension plan. Throughout most of the 20th Century that pension plan was most likely a “defined benefit” pension plan. That means that a formula based on how long someone worked for the company and theiraverage income, was used to calculate a stream of monthly income for the rest of the employee’s life.
The employer had all the responsibility for setting money aside, investing it, and making sure it lasted a lifetime. In the 1980’s, after the passing of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) of 1974, “defined contribution” pension plans began to become the retirement vehicle of choice for employers and employees. All the responsibility of setting money aside, investing it, and making it last, was left up to the employee.

